The reduction of Chenab River water flow due to India’s Baglihar Dam operations has prompted Pakistan to reactivate its legal channels with the World Bank, the designated neutral arbiter under the Indus Waters Treaty. Islamabad is preparing a formal complaint, arguing that India’s actions constitute a violation of the treaty’s core provisions, especially the requirement for prior notification and consultation.
This is not the first time the Baglihar Dam has been at the center of controversy. In 2005, a World Bank-appointed neutral expert ruled partially in favor of India, permitting certain design features but stressing the need for transparency and information-sharing. Pakistan now argues that India has not honored the spirit of that ruling.
Legal analysts say this case could set a major precedent for how water-sharing treaties are interpreted in the 21st century — especially when new factors such as climate change, sediment management, and energy needs come into play. Pakistan seeks not just redress, but also stricter enforcement mechanisms that could prevent such unilateral actions in the future.
The World Bank has so far maintained a cautious approach, urging both sides to resolve the issue through bilateral dialogue. But with tensions rising and water becoming an increasingly politicized resource, the Bank may face renewed pressure to take a more active role.
India insists that the dam operations were legal and necessary for sediment management and flood control — both valid reasons under the treaty. However, without effective communication and oversight, even lawful actions can spiral into international disputes.
As the legal battle looms, the world will be watching closely. The outcome could reshape water diplomacy in South Asia and either strengthen or strain the only major cooperative framework that has withstood decades of conflict between India and Pakistan.